Losing hope

The polluted air brings not only a persistent foul odor, but also serious health risks for residents living near the mudflow site.

A 2008 study by the Indonesian Forum for Environment, or WALHI, found alarming levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hazardous pollutants associated with an increased risk of cancer, in the air and water surrounding the mudflow embankment. The concentrations were recorded at levels 2,000 times higher than normal safety standards.

Another WALHI study in 2016 identified at least 10 illnesses affecting residents in the area, with respiratory infections emerging as the most widespread. That year alone, around 16,700 residents were reported to have suffered respiratory infections, while the number of recorded cases had reached 63,750 in 2010.

Despite the constant threat of flooding, ongoing land subsidence and mounting health risks linked to contaminated water, soil and air, residents say there has been no meaningful long-term resolution to address the enduring impacts of the mudflow.

Slamet recalls that in the early years following the disaster, residents frequently organized events and voiced their demands. However, after years of unresolved grievances without meaningful solutions, many gradually lost hope.

"We are tired because there's no solution. We've simply learned to live with the situation," he said.

THE JAKARTA POST, INDONESIA